会计代写|管理会计代写Management Accounting代考|AC101

Doug I. Jones

Doug I. Jones

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如果你也在 怎样代写管理会计Management Accounting 这个学科遇到相关的难题,请随时右上角联系我们的24/7代写客服。管理会计Management Accounting是我们早期工作的补充卷,财务管理。它解决了利用会计信息进行计划、控制和决策的问题。

管理会计Management Accounting作为一个会计系统,侧重于如何使用不同于如何准备商业公司的账户。外部人士,如债权人、股东、潜在投资者、政府等,可以利用商业企业账户中包含的信息,对企业进行决策。这些信息也可以用于企业本身的决策。因此,会计信息的用途可以是外部的也可以是内部的。本卷深入描述了会计信息的两种类型的使用。

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会计代写|管理会计代写Management Accounting代考|AC101

会计代写|管理会计代写Management Accounting代考|Current assets

Current assets In the above example, inventories of raw materials, work-in-progress and finished goods, debtors, advances to suppliers of raw materials and cash, needed for the operating cycle as discussed, represent current assets. These assets are held for consumption (raw materials and workin- progress) or for sale (finished goods) and are expected to be realised in cash (debtors) or in kind, for example, through the supplies of raw materials (advances to suppliers) during the operating cycle. Cash itself is a current asset held for financing other current assets, fixed assets and meeting day to day expenses.

Investments Business is supposed to generate profit. When generated this profit may be further deployed in the fixed and current assets to expand the business activities. In case however if there is no further scope for expansion or the owner does not want to expand, this profit piles up in the form of cash or surplus funds. These funds however cannot be kept idle and are therefore invested into, say, shares and debentures of companies like, for example, Reliance, Tata Motors, Grasim and ONGC etc. to name a few. Investments thus represent assets held by an enterprise for earning income by way of dividends, interest or gain on their disposal known as capital gain. There is however a risk of losing money also on their disposal known as capital loss.
Liabilities
We have referred above to sources of financing the assets, like Radhika’s contribution, commonly referred to as owners’ capital, term loan, bank borrowings for financing current assets, amount payable to suppliers from whom raw materials purchased on credit, commonly referred to as creditors and advances from customers. These sources represent liabilities since they have to be paid back (Radhika’s capital, term loan, bank borrowings and creditors) and settled through delivery of textiles (advances from customers). Liabilities are thus the obligations of the business enterprise that arise in the course of its business operations and are to be discharged/settled in future. It should be interesting for you to note that even though Radhika Agarwal is the proprietor of Radhika Enterprises; her capital represents a liability for the latter as it, as a business entity, is independent of its proprietor and has to return this capital to Radhika in the event of the closure of the business. Otherwise also Radhika can with draw the surplus capital from Radhika Enterprises any time. You need to be clear that we are discussing here about the liabilities of Radhika Enterprises, the business enterprise, and not of Radhika, the individual who may have other interests as well. Liabilities thus represent those payable to outsiders and that to the owner. Liabilities are usually of two types-long term and short term or current.

会计代写|管理会计代写Management Accounting代考|Long term (non-current) liabilities

Long term (non-current) liabilities In the above example term loan for financing the fixed assets is repayable over five years. Any liability repayable over a period exceeding one year is termed as a long term liability. Likewise Radhika’s capital is also a long term liability as it represents a long term perpetual commitment of the proprietor towards the firm.

Current liabilities In the above example bank borrowings for financing current assets, creditors and advances from customers represent current liabilities. Current liabilities have to be essentially discharged during the operating cycle (creditors and advances from customers) and in any case within one year (bank borrowings for financing current assets as the banks sanction these for a year). Hence the term current liabilities.

Financial Position
Assets and liabilities put together constitute the financial position of the enterprise. They are tabulated in a statement known as Balance Sheet. As discussed above assets represent the resources at the command of the enterprise, outside liabilities the money owed by it to the outsiders and the excess of the former over the later to the owner. More the excess of assets over the outside liabilities more strong is the financial position and vice versa. From this follows, what is known as, the basic accounting equation expressed as under:

Assets $=$ Liabilities, or

Assets = Outside Liabilities plus Owner’s Capital, or

Assets less Outside Liabilities = Owner’s Capital
The basic accounting equation is also known as the balance sheet identity.
Let us now turn our attention to Income, Expenses and Financial Performance.
Income
Business activities of an enterprise generate revenue or income for it. Sale of goods is the most common business income. For example, Radhika Enterprises earns its income by selling textiles to its customers. In a business there may be other incidental incomes also, for example, export incentives and cash discount. Business also earns through interest and dividends from investments. Income also includes gains such as capital gains on disposal of investments as discussed above. A business engaged in services earns its main income not through sale but through fees for rendering services. For example, JM Financial Ltd., the well known investment banking company earns its revenue from fees for managing initial public offers and mergers and acquisitions etc. for its client companies. Income, once earned, is earned for good and is not payable back. It becomes the resource of the enterprise.

会计代写|管理会计代写Management Accounting代考|AC101

管理会计代考

会计代写|管理会计代写Management Accounting代考|Current assets

在上面的例子中,原材料、在制品和产成品的库存、债务人、原材料供应商的垫款和现金,这些为所讨论的经营周期所需要的,都是流动资产。这些资产是为消费(原材料和制品)或销售(制成品)而持有的,预计将在经营周期内以现金(债务人)或实物(例如,通过原材料供应(向供应商垫款)实现。现金本身是一种流动资产,用于为其他流动资产、固定资产融资和支付日常费用。

投资业务应该产生利润。当产生这些利润时,可以进一步用于固定资产和流动资产,以扩大业务活动。但是,如果没有进一步扩大的空间或所有者不想扩大,这种利润就会以现金或剩余资金的形式积累起来。然而,这些资金不能闲置,因此要投资于信实、塔塔汽车、格拉西姆和印度石油天然气公司等公司的股票和债券。因此,投资是指企业持有的资产,其目的是通过股息、利息或处置这些资产的收益(即资本利得)获得收入。然而,他们的处置也有亏损的风险,即资本损失。
负债
我们在上面提到了资产的融资来源,如Radhika的出资,通常称为所有者资本,定期贷款,为流动资产融资的银行借款,应付给赊购原材料的供应商的金额,通常称为债权人和客户的预付款。这些来源是负债,因为它们必须偿还(Radhika的资本、定期贷款、银行借款和债权人),并通过交付纺织品来结算(客户预付款)。因此,负债是企业在经营过程中产生的、将来要清偿的义务。有趣的是,尽管Radhika Agarwal是Radhika Enterprises的所有者;她的资本代表了后者的责任,因为它作为一个商业实体,独立于其所有者,并且在业务关闭的情况下必须将该资本退还给Radhika。否则拉迪卡也可以随时从拉迪卡企业提取剩余资金。你需要清楚的是,我们在这里讨论的是拉迪卡企业的责任,拉迪卡是一家商业企业,而不是拉迪卡的责任,拉迪卡是个人,他可能还有其他利益。因此,负债包括应付给外部人员的负债和应付给所有者的负债。负债通常有两种类型——长期和短期或流动。

会计代写|管理会计代写Management Accounting代考|Long term (non-current) liabilities

长期(非流动)负债在上面的例子中,固定资产融资的定期贷款在五年内偿还。任何偿还期限超过一年的负债称为长期负债。同样,Radhika的资本也是一种长期负债,因为它代表了所有者对公司的长期永久承诺。

在上面的例子中,银行为流动资产融资而借款,债权人和客户的预付款代表流动负债。流动负债基本上必须在经营周期内(债权人和客户预支款),并且在任何情况下都必须在一年内(银行为流动资产融资而借款,因为银行批准这些借款一年)清偿。因此有了流动负债这个术语。

财务状况
资产和负债共同构成了企业的财务状况。它们被列在称为资产负债表的报表中。如上所述,资产是指企业掌握的资源,外部负债是指企业欠外部人的钱,以及企业欠外部人的钱的余额。资产超过外部负债越多,财务状况就越强劲,反之亦然。由此可知,所谓的基本会计方程表示为:

资产$=$负债,或

资产=外部负债加上所有者资本

资产减去外部负债=所有者资本
基本会计等式也被称为资产负债表等式。
现在让我们把注意力转向收入、支出和财务业绩。
收入
企业的经营活动为企业创造收入。销售货物是企业最常见的收入。例如,Radhika Enterprises通过向客户销售纺织品来赚取收入。在一个企业中,也可能有其他附带收入,例如,出口奖励和现金折扣。企业还通过投资的利息和股息来盈利。收入还包括收益,如上文讨论的处置投资的资本收益。从事服务的企业的主要收入不是通过销售,而是通过提供服务的费用。例如,著名的投资银行公司JM Financial Ltd.的收入来自为其客户公司管理首次公开募股和并购等费用。收入一旦得到,就永远得不到偿还。它成为企业的资源。

统计代写请认准statistics-lab™. statistics-lab™为您的留学生涯保驾护航。

金融工程代写

金融工程是使用数学技术来解决金融问题。金融工程使用计算机科学、统计学、经济学和应用数学领域的工具和知识来解决当前的金融问题,以及设计新的和创新的金融产品。

非参数统计代写

非参数统计指的是一种统计方法,其中不假设数据来自于由少数参数决定的规定模型;这种模型的例子包括正态分布模型和线性回归模型。

广义线性模型代考

广义线性模型(GLM)归属统计学领域,是一种应用灵活的线性回归模型。该模型允许因变量的偏差分布有除了正态分布之外的其它分布。

术语 广义线性模型(GLM)通常是指给定连续和/或分类预测因素的连续响应变量的常规线性回归模型。它包括多元线性回归,以及方差分析和方差分析(仅含固定效应)。

有限元方法代写

有限元方法(FEM)是一种流行的方法,用于数值解决工程和数学建模中出现的微分方程。典型的问题领域包括结构分析、传热、流体流动、质量运输和电磁势等传统领域。

有限元是一种通用的数值方法,用于解决两个或三个空间变量的偏微分方程(即一些边界值问题)。为了解决一个问题,有限元将一个大系统细分为更小、更简单的部分,称为有限元。这是通过在空间维度上的特定空间离散化来实现的,它是通过构建对象的网格来实现的:用于求解的数值域,它有有限数量的点。边界值问题的有限元方法表述最终导致一个代数方程组。该方法在域上对未知函数进行逼近。[1] 然后将模拟这些有限元的简单方程组合成一个更大的方程系统,以模拟整个问题。然后,有限元通过变化微积分使相关的误差函数最小化来逼近一个解决方案。

tatistics-lab作为专业的留学生服务机构,多年来已为美国、英国、加拿大、澳洲等留学热门地的学生提供专业的学术服务,包括但不限于Essay代写,Assignment代写,Dissertation代写,Report代写,小组作业代写,Proposal代写,Paper代写,Presentation代写,计算机作业代写,论文修改和润色,网课代做,exam代考等等。写作范围涵盖高中,本科,研究生等海外留学全阶段,辐射金融,经济学,会计学,审计学,管理学等全球99%专业科目。写作团队既有专业英语母语作者,也有海外名校硕博留学生,每位写作老师都拥有过硬的语言能力,专业的学科背景和学术写作经验。我们承诺100%原创,100%专业,100%准时,100%满意。

随机分析代写


随机微积分是数学的一个分支,对随机过程进行操作。它允许为随机过程的积分定义一个关于随机过程的一致的积分理论。这个领域是由日本数学家伊藤清在第二次世界大战期间创建并开始的。

时间序列分析代写

随机过程,是依赖于参数的一组随机变量的全体,参数通常是时间。 随机变量是随机现象的数量表现,其时间序列是一组按照时间发生先后顺序进行排列的数据点序列。通常一组时间序列的时间间隔为一恒定值(如1秒,5分钟,12小时,7天,1年),因此时间序列可以作为离散时间数据进行分析处理。研究时间序列数据的意义在于现实中,往往需要研究某个事物其随时间发展变化的规律。这就需要通过研究该事物过去发展的历史记录,以得到其自身发展的规律。

回归分析代写

多元回归分析渐进(Multiple Regression Analysis Asymptotics)属于计量经济学领域,主要是一种数学上的统计分析方法,可以分析复杂情况下各影响因素的数学关系,在自然科学、社会和经济学等多个领域内应用广泛。

MATLAB代写

MATLAB 是一种用于技术计算的高性能语言。它将计算、可视化和编程集成在一个易于使用的环境中,其中问题和解决方案以熟悉的数学符号表示。典型用途包括:数学和计算算法开发建模、仿真和原型制作数据分析、探索和可视化科学和工程图形应用程序开发,包括图形用户界面构建MATLAB 是一个交互式系统,其基本数据元素是一个不需要维度的数组。这使您可以解决许多技术计算问题,尤其是那些具有矩阵和向量公式的问题,而只需用 C 或 Fortran 等标量非交互式语言编写程序所需的时间的一小部分。MATLAB 名称代表矩阵实验室。MATLAB 最初的编写目的是提供对由 LINPACK 和 EISPACK 项目开发的矩阵软件的轻松访问,这两个项目共同代表了矩阵计算软件的最新技术。MATLAB 经过多年的发展,得到了许多用户的投入。在大学环境中,它是数学、工程和科学入门和高级课程的标准教学工具。在工业领域,MATLAB 是高效研究、开发和分析的首选工具。MATLAB 具有一系列称为工具箱的特定于应用程序的解决方案。对于大多数 MATLAB 用户来说非常重要,工具箱允许您学习应用专业技术。工具箱是 MATLAB 函数(M 文件)的综合集合,可扩展 MATLAB 环境以解决特定类别的问题。可用工具箱的领域包括信号处理、控制系统、神经网络、模糊逻辑、小波、仿真等。

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